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Nobel prize to V. F. Hess awarded in 1936 "for his discovery of cosmic radiation''. Co-winner C. D. Anderson "for his discovery of the positron''

HESS 1912

Hess, V.F.;
Über Beobachtungen der durchdringenden Strahlung bei sieben Freiballonfahrten / Observation of Penetrating Radiation in Seven Balloon Flights
Phys.Zeitschr. 13 (1912) 1084;

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Reprinted in
(translation into English, excerpt) The WORLD of the ATOM, editors H. A. Boorse and L. Motz, Basic Books, Inc. Publishers, New York - London, v.I (1966) 672.

Summary
... The discoveries revealed by the observations here given are best explained by assuming that radiation of great penetrating power enters our atmosphere from outside and engenders ionization even in counters lying deep in the atmosphere. The intensity of this radiation appears to vary hourly. Since I found no diminution of this radiation for balloon flights during an eclipse or at night time we can hardly consider the sun as it source.

Accelerator COSM Detectors IONIZATION

Experiment comments
Measures the dependence of ionization upon altitude.

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